Phase 1 of the MCU lauched with the movie Iron Man, which follows the story of wealthy industralist Tony Stark and his fight with evil. After a life-threatening incident, Mr.Stark builds a suit and decides to use in his fight against evil.
The Incredible Hulk follows the story of Dr. Bruce Banner and the side effects of his exposure to gamma rays. A solider uses the same gamma rays to become a deadly abomination.
Iron Man 2 deals with Tony Stark outing himself to the media about him being Iron Man. Tony now has to deal with the pressure from the government, the press and public and oh yeah a Russian genius whose out to kill him.
Thor introduces the Asgardian god of Thunder to the MCU and retells the story of when Odin casted out Thor from Asgard; Thor must now learn to live amongst humans and learn their ways.
Captain America: The First Avenger introduces the patriarical hero, Captain America, and his journey to becoming the super soldier he is. After being deemed "unfit" to join the military, Steve Grant Rogers strives to protect the innocent and volunteers for a top secret research project that turns him into Captain America.
The Avengers introduces the elite team of superheroes which include of Iron Man, Captain America, Black Widow, Hawkeye, Thor and Hulk; this team is put together by Nick Fury of S.H.I.E.L.D. The team's purpose is to protect the world from Loki's (the god of mischief) evil doings.